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The quality traceability system for prefabricated buildings using blockchain: An integrated framework

Ziyao ZHANG, Zhenmin YUAN, Guodong NI, Han LIN, Yujie LU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 528-546 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0127-z

摘要： The quality traceability of precast components has largely affected the widespread adoption of prefabricated buildings. Blockchain technology provides an effective solution to change the centralized storage mode of traditional traceability system and its related disadvantages. In this paper, we propose a framework of quality traceability system for precast components based on blockchain technology. The system framework adopts a hybrid blockchain architecture and dual storage mode, defines three types of smart contracts, and creates an interactive and efficient source tracing query method, which could effectively achieve the goals of decentralization, openness, and non-tamperability, as well as efficient traceability.

关键词： quality traceability precast components blockchain framework

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“互联网+”农产品质量安全追溯发展研究

杨雅萍,姜侯,胡云锋,孙九林

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 58-64 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.007

摘要：

保障农产品质量安全是全面建成小康社会的基本要求，事关农业农村经济发展和人民群众健康安全。在“互联网 +”发展背景下，农产品质量安全标准体系和溯源体系加速推进，农产品质量安全风险整体上得到有效控制；但是依然存在政府监管责权不明，地域分割现象严重，溯源标准统一性较差，追溯信息缺乏宽度、深度和精度，追溯系统业务化运行能力弱，追溯生态可持续性不足等问题。本文系统回顾了我国农产品质量安全监管体系、法律法规、标准体系建设以及溯源技术/系统研发取得的进展，分析了当前面临的主要问题；基于2025年、2035年战略目标，提出了针对性的发展路径和建议。研究表明，未来“互联网 +”农产品质量安全发展应重点推进溯源标准化、完善质量安全追溯体系、强化风险评估和监测预警、拓宽实践领域和服务对象、加大溯源技术研发力度、落实好专业人才培养，保障 2035 年建成正循环、可持续追溯生态与农产品质量安全国家治理体系的远景目标。

关键词：互联网+ 农产品质量安全追溯系统发展对策

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基于网格化管理的农产品质量安全追溯系统的设计与实现

胡云锋,董昱,孙九林

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第2期页码 63-71 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.02.010

摘要：

农产品质量安全追溯是通过标识和查询农产品过程信息、落实农产品质量安全的重要手段。农产品质量安全追溯体系的建设，对于保障“从农田到餐桌”的食品安全和我国农业现代化都具有重要意义。为此，笔者以中宁县枸杞生产为案例，采用了空间分析、数据网格化、云计算、移动互联网等一系列技术和方法，构建了包括宽度、深度和精确度三个维度的食品可追溯体系，突破了定位与地图显示、数据网格化、预警服务与推送、二维码关联与追溯等多项关键技术，形成了能够覆盖农产品生产全流程的农产品质量安全追溯系统。在系统建设与应用示范过程中，该系统在农作物质量安全追溯上可以基本满足管理人员、生产人员和消费者的需求，在未来该系统可以应用到全部农产品的质量安全追溯体系中，可继续研究并建立国家层面统一的、标准化的追溯标准。

关键词：网格化农产品质量安全可追溯体系追溯系统

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中国农产品质量安全追溯体系建设现状和未来发展

胡云锋,孙九林,张千力,韩月琪

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第2期页码 57-62 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.02.009

摘要：

农产品质量安全追溯是通过标识农产品从生产到市场全过程信息、落实农产品质量安全监管主体责任的重要手段；农产品质量安全追溯体系建设，对于保障“从农田到餐桌”的食品安全、促进我国农业现代化具有重要意义。本文首先简要回顾了欧盟、美国等发达国家和地区农产品质量安全追溯体系建设历史，分析了发达国家农产品追溯体系建设的主要经验及其对中国农产品追溯体系建设的启示。在此基础上，详细总结了2000年以来中国农产品质量安全追溯体系在法律法规建设、标准编码研制、关键技术研发重点和平台研发应用四个方面的发展现状，并根据国际发展趋势和中国农产品追溯产业发展需要，提出了近期我国农产品质量安全追溯体系建设的四项目标和三项建议。

关键词：农产品质量和安全追溯体系发展现状发展建议

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新冠病毒肺炎疫情下基于区块链的医院全生命周期环境管理框架 Article

钟波涛, 高寒, 丁烈云, 王宇航

《工程（英文）》 2023年第20卷第1期页码 208-221 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.06.024

摘要：

新冠病毒肺炎疫情持续蔓延，世界各国纷纷通过新建或改造的方式建设了一批应急医院。医院的全生命周期环境管理对预防新冠病毒肺炎院内感染至关重要。为应对病例的激增，新建医院往往需要快速交付使用，工期被极大地压缩，工作流程审批速度加快，无法按照常规流程进行质量检查和验收，增加了感染预防措施执行质量的控制难度。本研究探索了区块链技术在改造应急医院项目工作质量检查流程中的潜力，以保障快速建造模式下医院感染控制措施的有力执行。建立了基于区块链的全生命周期环境管理框架，用于追溯医院在设计、施工和运营阶段中关键感染控制措施的执行过程。当无法及时检查某些工序时，该框架能够支持工序完成后再检查。本研究通过用例阐述了该框架的具体功能和应用场景，为医院快速建造模式下的环境管理提供了基于区块链的解决方案。

关键词：区块链环境管理院内感染控制工作质量管理生命周期可追溯性

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From total quality management to Quality 4.0: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 191-205 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0243-z

摘要： Quality 4.0 is an emerging concept that has been increasingly appreciated because of the intensification of competition, continually changing customer requirements and technological evolution. It deals with aligning quality management practices with the emergent capabilities of Industry 4.0 to improve cost, time, and efficiency and increase product quality. This article aims to comprehensively review extant studies related to Quality 4.0 to uncover current research trends, distil key research topics, and identify areas for future research. Thus, 46 journal articles extracted from the Scopus database from 2017 to 2022 were collected and reviewed. A descriptive analysis was first performed according to the year-wise publication, sources of publication, and research methods. Then, the selected articles were analyzed and classified according to four research themes: Quality 4.0 concept, Quality 4.0 implementation, quality management in Quality 4.0, and Quality 4.0 model and application. By extracting the literature review findings, we identify the Quality 4.0 definitions and features, develop the quality curve theory, and highlight future research opportunities. This study supports practitioners, managers, and academicians in effectively recognizing and applying Quality 4.0 to enhance customer satisfaction, achieve innovation enterprise efficiency, and increase organizational competitiveness in the era of Industry 4.0.

关键词： quality management Quality 4.0 Industry 4.0 literature review predictive quality

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基于主动学习的可追踪性自动化生成方法 Research Articles

杜天保1,沈国华1,2,3,黄志球1,2,3,喻垚慎1,吴德香1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第8期页码 1217-1225 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900222

摘要：可追踪性生成（traceability link recovery，TLR）是一项重要且昂贵的软件任务，需要开发人员在同一项目中建立源制品集合与目标制品集合之间的关系。

关键词：自动；可追踪性生成；人力；主动学习

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Research and establishment of enterprise quality metadata standard

SONG Han, LI Jie, ZHANG Genbao

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第1期页码 106-110 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0019-0

摘要： Enabling quality managers to utilize and manage quality data efficiently under modern quality management circumstances is a primary issue for improving enterprise quality management. A concept of quality metadata is proposed in this paper, which can help quality managers gain a deeper understanding of various features of quality data and establish a more stable foundation for further use and management of such data. The procedure of establishing quality metadata standards is emphasized in the paper, and the content structure and description scheme are given. Finally, a summary is made and future work is prospected.

关键词： enterprise quality foundation description quality management primary

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Foxtail millet: nutritional and eating quality, and prospects for genetic improvement

Lu HE,Bin ZHANG,Xingchun WANG,Hongying LI,Yuanhuai HAN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第2期页码 124-133 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2015054

摘要： Foxtail millet is a minor yet important crop in some areas of the world, particularly northern China. It has strong adaptability to abiotic stresses, especially drought, and poor soil. It also has high nutritional value. Foxtail millet is rich in essential amino acids, fatty acids and minerals, and is considered to be one of the most digestible and non-allergenic grains available and has significant importance for human health. Given foxtail millet’s ability to adapt to abiotic stresses associated with climate change, it is more important than ever to develop breeding strategies that facilitate the increasing demand for high quality grain that better satisfies consumers. Here we review research on foxtail millet quality evaluation, appearance, cooking and eating quality at the phenotypic level. We review analysis of the main nutrients in foxtail millet, their relationships and the biochemical and genetic factors affecting their accumulation. In addition, we review past progress in breeding this regionally important crop, outline current status of breeding of foxtail millet, and make suggestions to improve grain quality.

关键词： foxtail millet grain quality quality evaluation breeding for quality

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A review of hydrological/water-quality models

Liangliang GAO,Daoliang LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第4期页码 267-276 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014041

摘要： Water quality models are important in predicting the changes in surface water quality for environmental management. A range of water quality models are wildly used, but every model has its advantages and limitations for specific situations. The aim of this review is to provide a guide to researcher for selecting a suitable water quality model. Eight well known water quality models were selected for this review: SWAT, WASP, QUALs, MIKE 11, HSPF, CE-QUAL-W2, ELCOM-CAEDYM and EFDC. Each model is described according to its intended use, development, simulation elements, basic principles and applicability (e.g., for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and estuaries). Currently, the most important trends for future model development are: (1) combination models—individual models cannot completely solve the complex situations so combined models are needed to obtain the most appropriate results, (2) application of artificial intelligence and mechanistic models combined with non-mechanistic models will provide more accurate results because of the realistic parameters derived from non-mechanistic models, and (3) integration with remote sensing, geographical information and global position systems (3S) —3S can solve problems requiring large amounts of data.

关键词： water quality models applications future trends

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Evaluation of ICUs and weight of quality control indicators: an exploratory study based on Chinese ICUquality data from 2015 to 2020

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第4期页码 675-684 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0970-x

摘要： This study aimed to explore key quality control factors that affected the prognosis of intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Chinese mainland over six years (2015−2020). The data for this study were from 31 provincial and municipal hospitals (3425 hospital ICUs) and included 2 110 685 ICU patients, for a total of 27 607 376 ICU hospitalization days. We found that 15 initially established quality control indicators were good predictors of patient prognosis, including percentage of ICU patients out of all inpatients (%), percentage of ICU bed occupancy of total inpatient bed occupancy (%), percentage of all ICU inpatients with an APACHE II score ≥15 (%), three-hour (surviving sepsis campaign) SSC bundle compliance (%), six-hour SSC bundle compliance (%), rate of microbe detection before antibiotics (%), percentage of drug deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis (%), percentage of unplanned endotracheal extubations (%), percentage of patients reintubated within 48 hours (%), unplanned transfers to the ICU (%), 48-h ICU readmission rate (%), ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (per 1000 ventilator days), catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI) (per 1000 catheter days), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) (per 1000 catheter days), in-hospital mortality (%). When exploratory factor analysis was applied, the 15 indicators were divided into 6 core elements that varied in weight regarding quality evaluation: nosocomial infection management (21.35%), compliance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (17.97%), ICU resources (17.46%), airway management (15.53%), prevention of deep-vein thrombosis (14.07%), and severity of patient condition (13.61%). Based on the different weights of the core elements associated with the 15 indicators, we developed an integrated quality scoring system defined as F score=21.35%×nosocomial infection management + 17.97%×compliance with SSC guidelines + 17.46%×ICU resources + 15.53%×airway management + 14.07%×DVT prevention + 13.61%×severity of patient condition. This evidence-based quality scoring system will help in assessing the key elements of quality management and establish a foundation for further optimization of the quality control indicator system.

关键词： critical care medicine quality control evaluation exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model

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Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 378-390 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0357-8

摘要： Energy consumption is a major cause of air pollution in Beijing, and the adjustment of the energy structure is of strategic importance to the reduction of carbon intensity and the improvement of air quality. In this paper, we explored the future trend of energy structure adjustment in Beijing till 2020, designed five energy scenarios focusing on the fuel substitution in power plants and heating sectors, established emission inventories, and utilized the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to evaluate the impact of these measures on air quality. By implementing this systematic energy structure adjustment, the emissions of PM , PM , SO , NO , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) will decrease distinctly by 34.0%, 53.2%, 78.3%, 47.0%, and 30.6% respectively in the most coal-intensive scenario of 2020 compared with 2005. Correspondingly, MM5-Models-3/CMAQ simulations indicate significant reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants, implying that energy structure adjustment can play an important role in improving Beijing’s air quality. By fuel substitution for power plants and heating boilers, PM , PM , SO , NO , and NMVOCs will be reduced further, but slightly by 1.7%, 4.5%, 11.4%, 13.5%, and 8.8% respectively in the least coal-intensive scenario. The air quality impacts of different scenarios in 2020 resemble each other, indicating that the potential of air quality improvement due to structure adjustment in power plants and heating sectors is limited. However, the CO emission is 10.0% lower in the least coal-intensive scenario than in the most coal-intensive one, contributing to Beijing’s ambition to build a low carbon city. Except for energy structure adjustment, it is necessary to take further measures to ensure the attainment of air quality standards.

关键词： Beijing energy structure adjustment air quality Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) scenario

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中国制造业产品质量提升策略研究

张豪,张纲,蒋家东,宗习均

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第2期页码 38-47 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.02.002

摘要：

我国制造业产品质量参差不齐且与发达国家存在一定差距，提升制造业产品质量水平对推动我国制造业转型升级、强化制造业竞争内核、促进制造业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以制造业高质量发展为出发点，在分析制造业质量发展特征的基础上，深入研究了我国制造业产品质量发展的态势以及面临的突出问题；结合制造业产品质量提升的国际经验，形成了制造业产品质量提升的若干发展建议。明确产品质量发展的战略定位，加强国家质量政策连贯性；聚焦未来产业发展需求，实施制造业质量提升率先行动计划；以数字化转型为牵引，加快推进质量管理理论、技术和工具创新；融合发展产业质量基础设施，筑牢制造业产品质量提升基础；推动质量生态环境再造，增强企业提高产品质量的意愿；发挥体制机制优势，实施制造业产品质量提高基础工程。

关键词：制造业，质量提升，产品质量，质量管理，质量基础设施

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标准参考数据的科学内涵及发展战略研究

方向,于连超,任思源,熊行创⁠

《中国工程科学》 2023年第25卷第3期页码 230-238 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2023.07.021

摘要：

标准参考数据是一类高质量科学数据，兼具计量科学特征和技术标准属性，是国家重要的科技基础和战略资源。我国标准参考数据的研究与建设基本处于空白状态，大幅落后于国际先进水平，造成科学研究和生产的系统性风险。本文详细阐明标准参考数据的科学内涵、外延特征及其战略价值，深度分析美国标准参考数据的发展脉络、管理体系、国际影响及其实践应用，在此基础上梳理我国标准参考数据发展现状，重点指出其中存在的概念不清晰、顶层设计不足、数据资源积累匮乏、管理体系缺失等关键问题，并系统地设计了我国标准参考数据建设路径。研究建议，建立健全标准参考数据政策制度体系；强化研究与建设经费保障；加强宣传教育，加快人才培养；汇集多方力量，加大国际合作。

关键词：科学数据；计量溯源；标准化；标准参考数据

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Review of operational management in intelligent agriculture based on the Internet of Things

Xiangpei HU, Lijun SUN, Yaxian ZHOU, Junhu RUAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 309-322 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0107-3

摘要： This review aims to gain insight into the current research and application of operational management in the area of intelligent agriculture based on the Internet of Things (IoT), and consequently, identify existing shortcomings and potential issues. First, we use the Java application CiteSpace to analyze co-citation networks in the literature related to the operational management of IoT-based intelligent agriculture. From the literature analysis results, we identify three major fields: (1) the development of agricultural IoT (Agri-IoT) technology, (2) the precision management of agricultural production, and (3) the traceability management of agricultural products. Second, we review research in the three fields separately in detail. Third, on the basis of the research gaps identified in the review and from the perspective of integrating and upgrading the entire agricultural industry chain, additional research directions are recommended from the following aspects: The operational management of agricultural production, product processing, and product sale and after-sale service based on Agri-IoT. The theoretical research and practical application of combining operational management theories and IoT-based intelligent agriculture will provide informed decision support for stakeholders and drive the further development of the entire agriculture industry chain.

关键词： Internet of Things (IoT) agricultural Internet of Things (Agri-IoT) operational management intelligent agriculture precision management traceability